Dental implants are a popular and highly effective form of dental treatment, designed to replace natural teeth for cosmetic purposes or if a tooth has been lost through accident or decay. They are normally used to support crowns, bridges and dentures.
The implant replaces a tooth’s natural root, and is tapped or drilled into a socket made in the jawbone by a dentist. To be effective, there must be enough bone in the jaw, and the bone has to be strong enough to hold and support the implant.
Implants are suitable for most people with good dental health, although if you are a heavy smoker or drinker, it can cause problems. Some dentists won’t fit implants in heavy smokers because of the risk of complications. Implants are designed to fuse with your jawbone over a period of several months, after which the dentures, crowns or bridges can be attached, so they work best if your mouth is free from gum disease, abscesses or decay.
How many implants do you need?
In your upper jaw you would probably need at least six implants to replace all your teeth and in your lower jaw four to six. One implant can support more than one replacement tooth, so the number of implants you would need depends on how many teeth are being replaced.
Dental implant procedure
In a single-stage treatment, the rod and the ‘abutment’ which connects the implant to the replacement tooth are fitted at the same time. In a two-stage implant treatment, the implant rod will be buried under your gum while your bone heals, and a few months later you’ll have the abutment fitted in another small procedure.
Usually it takes three to eight months for your mouth to heal enough to have the replacement tooth fitted, although you can have a temporary bridge or partial dentures fitted in the meantime. An impression of your teeth will be taken so that any new teeth can be made to match your jaw, bite and even the colour of your existing teeth. Once you’re healed, the artificial teeth are fitted onto the implant. With dentures, in some cases you can opt for a removable denture which allows you to care for the new teeth outside of your mouth, but they can also be permanently secured. Once fitted they should look, feel and work just like natural teeth.
How long do they last?
If your jaw bone is in good health and you look after the implants properly, they can last for a long time. In many cases an implant can last a lifetime, although you may find that the bridges, crowns or dentures themselves need to be repaired or replaced during their lifetime.